When it comes to modern laser marking and engraving, the galvo head is the unsung hero that brings unmatched speed and accuracy to industrial applications. Whether you’re a manufacturer, a precision engraver, or a tech enthusiast exploring laser systems, understanding how a galvo head works can transform your results and efficiency.
In this comprehensive guide, you’ll discover what makes a galvo head so powerful, how it functions, its core benefits, and how to choose the right system for your needs.
? What is a Galvo Head?
A galvo head, short for galvanometer scanning head, is a key component in laser systems. It uses high-speed, computer-controlled mirrors (galvanometers) to steer the laser beam with pinpoint accuracy. This scanning technology enables rapid, non-contact marking or engraving on a wide range of materials.
Key Components:
Component | Function |
---|---|
Galvanometer | Rotating motor with mirror attached, moves the laser beam. |
Scanning Mirrors | Direct the beam along X and Y axes for precise patterning. |
F-Theta Lens | Maintains flat field focus over the working area. |
Controller Board | Receives design data and controls mirror angles in real time. |
? How Does a Galvo Head Work?
At the heart of the galvo head are two small mirrors mounted on galvanometer motors. When you input a design into your laser software, the controller calculates mirror angles at lightning speed.
✨ Working Principle:
The X-axis mirror moves the beam horizontally.
The Y-axis mirror moves the beam vertically.
Combined, they guide the laser across the working surface.
The F-Theta lens keeps the focus consistent across the scan field.
This allows for dynamic beam movement, eliminating the need for physically moving the workpiece or the laser itself.
⚡ Why Choose a Galvo Head System?
Galvo heads are used across industries — from electronics and medical devices to jewelry and automotive parts. Here’s why they stand out:
✅ High Speed
The beam can move at thousands of millimeters per second, dramatically reducing cycle times.
✅ Excellent Precision
Galvanometer systems offer incredible repeatability and fine detail, perfect for micro-marking.
✅ Compact Design
No moving tables or gantries mean a smaller machine footprint.
✅ Versatility
Capable of marking metals, plastics, ceramics, and more.
✅ Low Maintenance
With fewer moving mechanical parts, they often require less maintenance than gantry-based systems.
? Where is Galvo Head Technology Used?
Popular Applications:
Serial number engraving on metal parts
Logo marking on consumer electronics
QR codes on medical instruments
Deep engraving for jewelry
Date codes on packaging materials
? Types of Galvo Heads
Not all galvo heads are built the same. They can be categorized by:
Type | Description | Best For |
---|---|---|
2-Axis Galvo Head | Most common, controls X and Y scanning. | Flat marking & engraving. |
3-Axis Galvo Head | Adds Z-axis control for 3D focus. | Large fields or curved surfaces. |
Fiber Laser Galvo Head | Designed specifically for fiber laser beams. | Metal marking & deep engraving. |
CO₂ Laser Galvo Head | Optimized for CO₂ wavelength, ideal for organic materials. | Wood, leather, plastic marking. |
? How to Select the Right Galvo Head
Choosing the right galvo head can make or break your laser system’s performance. Keep these factors in mind:
1️⃣ Scan Field Size
Larger scan fields require larger mirrors and more powerful galvanometers.
2️⃣ Marking Speed & Accuracy
Balance speed requirements with resolution. High-speed heads may slightly reduce marking resolution if pushed to their limits.
3️⃣ Laser Power Compatibility
Ensure the galvo head’s mirrors and coatings match your laser’s wavelength and power.
4️⃣ Cooling & Stability
High-performance systems may require additional cooling to maintain accuracy during long jobs.
5️⃣ Software Integration
Check that the controller and software are user-friendly and compatible with your production line.
?️ Installation Tips for Galvo Heads
Vibration-Free Mounting: Even slight vibrations can impact beam placement accuracy.
Regular Calibration: Keep mirrors aligned for peak performance.
Clean Environment: Dust and debris on mirrors can degrade quality.
Check Lens: Ensure your F-Theta lens matches your marking area.
?️ Advantages of Galvo vs. Gantry Systems
Feature | Galvo Head System | Gantry System |
---|---|---|
Speed | Ultra-fast beam movement | Slower, relies on mechanical motion |
Accuracy | Micron-level precision | Good for larger, less detailed designs |
Footprint | Compact, minimal moving parts | Bulkier, larger working table |
Maintenance | Lower wear and tear | More parts to service |
Best Use | High-volume, small to medium marking areas | Large format cutting or engraving |
? FAQs: Everything You Need to Know About Galvo Heads
Q1. How fast can a galvo head mark?
Some high-end galvo heads can reach speeds up to 12,000 mm/s, depending on the laser source and design complexity.
Q2. Can a galvo head do deep engraving?
Yes! Especially when paired with a fiber laser, galvo heads can achieve deep engraving on metals with multiple passes.
Q3. Do I need special software for a galvo head?
Most systems come with dedicated laser marking software that includes features for vector files, bitmap images, and variable data.
Q4. How long does a galvo head last?
With proper care, high-quality galvo heads can last for tens of thousands of operating hours.
Q5. Can I retrofit my existing laser with a galvo head?
In some cases, yes. It depends on the laser source, controller compatibility, and mechanical setup.